Carnitine + Biotin Powder Supplement - Metabolic Effect,Fatigue Reduction

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Carnitine + Biotin Powder

100 grams power. 100 servings per jar. 1 gram each.

Each one gram serving contains:
Carnitine 680 mg (from 1,000 mg Carnitine Tartrate)
Biotin (pure) 1 mg
For detailed information on this product, see our Carnitine Biotin Flyer.

and Partial Carnitine Research References

New!

For those looking for all the benefits of Carnitine and Biotin in a powder form, here it is. The naturally tart taste comes from the Carnitine tartrate. As with all our powdered nutrition formulas, this formula mixes well in all beverages and smoothies, and is suitable for Vegetarians

Carnitine is one of the most important nutrients needed for maintaining and promoting health, with over 158 clinical trials performed in humans.¹* Much of the clinical benefit of carnitine derives from the fact that carnitine is essential for fat burning and therefore energy production in nearly all cells. Carnitine promotes cellular energy by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria, the powerhouses of our cells, where they are burned for energy. Just as importantly, carnitine also removes metabolic wastes from the mitochondria to keep them smooth running.²*

Because the heart derives 70% of its energy from fat, and carnitine is needed for fat burning, it comes as no surprise that carnitine is crucial for heart health and offers important nutritional support for many heart conditions, including angina.³* Carnitine supplementation has also been found to reduce complications and overall deaths dramatically in patients in the four weeks directly following a heart attack.⁴*

Who Can Benefit from Carnitine

Those who want to burn fat more efficiently.
Older adults, helping them to experience less fatigue in body and mind and engage in more daily activities.⁵* Carnitine supplements also help healthy elderly subjects reduce their total fat mass, increase their total muscle mass, improve their overall feeling of wellness and lower lipid levels dramatically.⁶* In a landmark paper, carnitine was also found to help support erectile function and healthy mood levels in older men.⁷*
Diabetics, as it helps lower fasting blood sugar⁸ and lipoprotein(a) levels⁹ in these patients.*
Pregnant women, as their carnitine levels are lowered due to the high carnitine requirements of the fetus, especially in the last two trimesters.¹⁰ This can often lead to low levels of carnitine in the mother.¹¹
Vegetarians also have lower levels of carnitine.¹² Because children have increased carnitine needs, strict vegetarian diets in children should always be accompanied by carnitine supplementation.¹³
Those undergoing dialysis, but it should be used only with close medical supervision in this condition as the nutrient requirements of each dialysis patient are unique.¹⁴ Carnitine also helps lower Creactive protein levels in dialysis patients.¹⁵
Cancer and cachexia: Carnitine provides valuable nutritional support in these patients, helping to promote optimal lean body mass, energy levels, and overall quality of life.¹⁶ Further research supports these findings, and also shows that most cancer patients are carnitine deficient.¹⁷
Those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Carnitine supplementation increases exercise tolerance and inspiratory muscle strength in these patients according to one study.¹⁸
Hyperthyroid: Carnitine helps support bone health and overall wellness in hyperthyroid patients,19 and is especially useful during thyroid storm, a condition which depletes carnitine from the body.²⁰ For a full discussion with the pioneering researcher in hyperthyroid and carnitine, Dr. Salvatore Benvenga,²¹ download Robert Crayhon’s interview with him at www.CrayhonResearch.com.
Men who seek nutritional support for sperm health.²²
Those with anemia, as carnitine supports red blood cell wall integrity.²³
HIV patients, as carnitine supports healthy immune function in these patients.²⁴
Those with high blood pressure, as it helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels.²⁵
Multiple Sclerosis patients, as it increases their energy levels and well-being.²⁶
Those who exercise: Numerous studies show that carnitine helps suppress the muscle damage that can occur during exercise²⁷ and speeds recovery from exercise.28

Medications Increase Need for Carnitine

Many drugs increase the need for carnitine, and their side effects can often be reduced by using carnitine simultaneously. These include valproic acid²⁹, isotretinion,³⁰ interferon³¹doxorubicin,³²and adriamycin.³³

Why Add Biotin to Carnitine?

While carnitine supports fat burning, it can also stimulate gluconeogenesis,³⁴ which is the liver’s over-production of sugar. Biotin helps suppress gluconeogenesis,³⁵ thus helping to optimize the metabolic effect of carnitine. Therefore, when using carnitine to support fatty acid oxidation, we strongly recommend taking 1 mg of biotin for every 500 mg of carnitine to keep gluconeogenesis and insulin metabolism balanced.

The Carnitine Miracle

At Crayhon Research, we’re the carnitine experts. Robert Crayhon created the use of high dose powdered carnitine therapy for weight management in 1996 and discussed it in his book, The Carnitine Miracle, the following year.

References

1. Crayhon R. The carnitine miracle : the supernutrient program that promotes high energy, fat burning, heart health, brain wellness, and longevity. New York: M. Evans; 1998.
2. Alesci S. Carnitine : the science behind a conditionally essential nutrient. NewYork, N.Y.: NewYork Academy of Sciences; 2004.
3. Ferrari R, Cucchini F, Visioli O. The metabolical effects of L-carnitine in angina pectoris. International journal of cardiology. 1984 Feb;5(2):213-6.
4. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Agarwal P, Beegum R, Rastogi SS, Sachan DS. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Postgraduate medical journal. 1996 Jan;72(843):45-50.
5. Malaguarnera M, Di Mauro A, Gargante PM, Rampello L. L-carnitine reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and improves daily activities in the elderly. Southern medical journal. 2006 Mar;99(3):315-6.
6. Pistone G, Marino A, Leotta C, Dell'Arte S, Finocchiaro G, Malaguarnera M. Levocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue. Drugs & aging. 2003;20(10):761-7.
7. Cavallini G, Caracciolo S, Vitali G, Modenini F, Biagiotti G. Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging. Urology. 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6.
8. Rahbar AR, Shakerhosseini R, Saadat N, Taleban F, Pordal A, Gollestan B. Effect of Lcarnitine on plasma glycemic and lipidemic profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2005 Apr;59(4):592-6.
9. Derosa G, Cicero AF, Gaddi A, Mugellini A, Ciccarelli L, Fogari R. The effect of Lcarnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical therapeutics. 2003 May;25(5):1429-39.
10.Winter SC, Linn LS, Helton E. Plasma carnitine concentrations in pregnancy, cord blood, and neonates and children. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 1995 Dec 15;243(1):87-93.
11. Bargen-Lockner C, Hahn P, Wittmann B. Plasma carnitine in pregnancy. American journal ofobstetrics and gynecology. 1981 Jun 15;140(4):412-4.
12.Lombard KA, Olson AL, Nelson SE, Rebouche CJ. Carnitine status of lactoovovegetarians and strict vegetarian adults and children. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1989 Aug;50(2):301-6.
13.Etzioni A, Levy J, Nitzan M, Erde P, Benderly A. Systemic carnitine deficiency exacerbated by a strict vegetarian diet. Archives of disease in childhood. 1984 Feb;59(2):177-9.
14.Schreiber BD. Debate forum: levocarnitine therapy is rational and justified in selected dialysis patients. Blood purification. 2006;24(1):128-39.
15.Savica V, Santoro D, Mazzaglia G, Ciolino F, Monardo P, Calvani M, et al. L-carnitine infusions may suppress serum C-reactive protein and improve nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2005 Apr;15(2):225-30.
16.Gramignano G, Lusso MR, Madeddu C, Massa E, Serpe R, Deiana L, et al. Efficacy of l-carnitine administration on fatigue, nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif. 2006 Feb;22(2):136-45.
17. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Malamud S, Culliney B, Lapin J, et al. Safety, tolerability and symptom outcomes associated with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cancer, fatigue, and carnitine deficiency: a phase I/II study. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2006 Dec;32(6):551-9.
18.Borghi-Silva A, Baldissera V, Sampaio LM, Pires-DiLorenzo VA, Jamami M, Demonte A, et al. L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica [et al. 2006 Apr;39(4):465-74.
19.Benvenga S. Effects of L-carnitine on thyroid hormone metabolism and on physical exercise tolerance. Hormone and metabolic research Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung. 2005 Sep;37(9):566-71.
20.Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004 Nov;1033:158-67.
21. Crayhon R. Carnitine for Hyperthyroid: An Interview with Salvatore Benvenga, MD. Nutritional Medicine Update. 2003.
22.Balercia G, Regoli F, Armeni T, Koverech A, Mantero F, Boscaro M. Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined Lcarnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. Fertility and sterility. 2005 Sep;84(3):662-71.
23.Golper TA, Goral S, Becker BN, Langman CB. L-carnitine treatment of anemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Apr;41(4 Suppl 4):S27-34.
24.De Simone C, Tzantzoglou S, Famularo G, Moretti S, Paoletti F, Vullo V, et al. High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. 1993 Jan;15(1):1-12.
25.Digiesi V, Cantini F, Bisi G, Guarino G, Brodbeck B. L-carnitine adjuvant therapy in essential hypertension. La Clinica terapeutica. 1994 May;144(5):391-5.
26.Lebrun C, Alchaar H, Candito M, Bourg V, Chatel M. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue. Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). 2006 Jun;12(3):321-4.
27. Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, Fragala MS, Ho JY, et al. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 2007 Feb;21(1):259-64.
28.Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gomez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P. L-Carnitine Ltartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. American journal of physiology. 2002 Feb;282(2):E474-82.
29.Bohles H, Sewell AC, Wenzel D. The effect of carnitine supplementation in valproateinduced hyperammonaemia. Acta Paediatr. 1996 Apr;85(4):446-9.
30.Georgala S, Schulpis KH, Georgala C, Michas T. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cystic acne on isotretinoin therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1999 Nov;13(3):205-9.
31. Neri S, Pistone G, Saraceno B, Pennisi G, Luca S, Malaguarnera M. L-carnitine decreases severity and type of fatigue induced by interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):94-7.
32.De Leonardis V, Neri B, Bacalli S, Cinelli P. Reduction of cardiac toxicity of anthracyclines by L-carnitine: preliminary overview of clinical data. International journal of clinical pharmacology research. 1985;5(2):137-42.
33.Abdel-aleem S, el-Merzabani MM, Sayed-Ahmed M, Taylor DA, Lowe JE. Acute and chronic effects of adriamycin on fatty acid oxidation in isolated cardiac myocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 1997 Feb;29(2):789-97.
34.Shils ME, Shike M. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
35.Fernandez-Mejia C. Pharmacological effects of biotin. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2005 Jul;16(7):424-7.

*These statements are educational in nature, and have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not designed to prevent, diagnose, cure, or treat any disease.

*Carnitine is essential for fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, and overall energy production in cells. Groundbreaking research (cited below) suggests that optimizing carnitine intake can enhance fatty acid oxidation in healthy persons who already have adequate carnitine levels. Biotin is needed for glucosemetabolism, mitochondrial function, nail and skin health. Carnitine and Biotin work together clinically for the nutritional support of the biochemical disturbances that can occur in metabolic syndrome, weight loss, and type II diabetes.

While carnitine supports fat burning, it can also increase gluconeogenesis—an undesirable effect. This may lead to an increase in blood sugar and a concomitant rise in insulin and malonylCoA activity. Increased malonylCoA activity can inhibit the mitochondrial fat transporting enzyme Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (CPT-1) and thereby decrease fat transport, fatburning and weight loss (J Clin Invest. 1996 Nov 15;98(10):2244-50). Biotin has been theorized to inhibit some of the enzymes responsible for gluconeogenesis when taken in optimal amounts. Therefore, when using carnitine to support fatty acid oxidation, we strongly recommend taking 1 mg of biotin for every 500 mg of carnitine to keep gluconeogenesis and insulin metabolism balanced. Carnitine and Biotin are also both often found deficient in pregnancy and in patients taking valproic acid.

Kelly GS. L-Carnitine: therapeutic applications of a conditionally essential amino acid. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Oct;3(5):345-60.

A trimethylated amino acid roughly similar in structure to choline, carnitine is a cofactor required for transformation of free long-chain fatty acids into acylcarnitines, and for their subsequent transport into the mitochondrial matrix, where they undergo beta-oxidation for cellular energy production. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is the primary fuel source inheart and skeletal muscle, pointing to the relative importance of this nutrient for proper function in these tissues. Although L-Carnitine deficiency is an infrequent problem in a healthy, well-nourished population consuming adequate protein, many individuals within the population appear to be somewhere along a continuum, characterized by mild deficiency at one extreme, and tissue pathology at the other. Conditions which seem to benefit from exogenous supplementation of L-Carnitine include anorexia, chronic fatigue, coronary vascular disease, diphtheria, hypoglycemia,male infertility, muscular myopathies, and Rett syndrome. In addition, preterm infants, dialysis patients, and HIV+ individuals seem to be prone to a deficiency of L-Carnitine, and benefit from supplementation. Although available data on L-Carnitine as an ergogenic aid is not compelling, undersome experimental conditions pretreatment has favored aerobicprocesses and resulted in improved endurance performance. Cavallini G, Caracciolo S, Vitali G, Modenini F, Biagiotti G. Carnitine versusandrogen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging. Urology. 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6.Muller DM, Seim H, Kiess W, Loster H, Richter T. Effects of oral L-Carnitine supplementation on in vivo long-chain fatty acid oxidation inhealthy adults. Metabolism. 2002 Nov;51(11):1389-91. Despite an abundance of literature describing the basic mechanisms of action of L-Carnitine metabolism, there remains some uncertainty regarding the effects of oral L-Carnitine supplementation on in vivo fatty acid oxidationin normal subjects under normal conditions. It is well known that L-Carnitine normalizes the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in cases of Carnitine deficiency. However, it has not yet been shown that L-Carnitine influences the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in subjects without disturbancesin fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oral L-Carnitine supplementation on in vivo long-chain fatty acid oxidationby measuring 1-[(13)C] palmitic acid oxidation in healthy subjects before and after L-Carnitine supplementation (3 x 1 g/d for 10 days). We observed a significant increase in (13)CO(2) exhalation. This is the first investigation to conclusively demonstrate that oral L-Carnitine supplementation results in an increase in long-chain fatty acid oxidation in vivo in subjects without L-Carnitine deficiency or without prolonged fatty acid metabolism. Pistone G et al. Levocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue. Drugs Aging. 2003;20(10):761-7.AIM: Levocarnitine is an important contributor to cellular energy metabolism.This study aims to evaluate the effects of levocarnitine supplementation on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue.

METHOD: This was a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, two-phase study. Eighty-four elderly subjects with onset of fatigue following slight physical activity were recruited to the study. Prior to randomisation all patients entered a 2-week normalisation phase where they were given an 'ad libitum' diet, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (Step 2). Subjects were asked to record their daily food intake every 2 days. Before the 30-day treatment phase, subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (matched for male/female ratio, age and body mass index). One group received levocarnitine 2g twice daily (n = 42) and the other placebo (n = 42). Efficacy measures included changes in total fat mass, total muscle mass, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),apolipoprotein (apo)A1, and apoB levels. The Wessely and Powell scale wasused to evaluate physical and mental fatigue. Subjects were assessed at the beginning and end of the study period. RESULTS: At the end of the study, compared with placebo, the levocarnitine-treated patients showed significant improvements in the following parameters: total fat mass (-3.1 vs -0.5kg), total muscle mass (+2.1 vs +0.2 kg), total cholesterol (-1.2 vs +0.1mmol/L), LDL-C (-1.1 vs -0.2 mmol/L), HDL-C (+0.2 vs +0.01 mmol/L), triglycerides (-0.3 vs 0.0 mmol/L), apoA1 (-0.2 vs 0.0 g/L), and apoB (-0.3 vs -0.1g/L). Wessely and Powell scores decreased significantly by 40% (physical fatigue) and 45% (mental fatigue) in subjects taking levocarnitine, compared with 11% and 8%, respectively, in the placebo group (p < 0.001 vs place bofor both parameters). No adverse events were reported in any treatment group.

CONCLUSION: Administration of levocarnitine to healthy elderly subjects resulted in a reduction of total fat mass, an increase of total muscle mass, and appeared to exert a favorable effect on fatigue and serum lipids. Koutsikos D et al. Oral glucose tolerance test after high-dose i.v. biotin administration in normoglucemic hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail.1996 Jan;18(1):131-7.Koutsikos D, Agroyannis B, Tzanatos-Exarchou H. Biotin for diabeticperipheral neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother. 1990;44(10):511-4.

*These statements are educational in nature, and have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not designed to prevent, diagnose, cure, or treat any disease.